 PROCESS TO PREPARE A DISPERSION OF STARCH PARTICLES IN A WATER LIQUID, DISPERSION OF STARCH PARTICLE
专利摘要:
process for preparing a dispersion of starch particles in an aqueous liquid. in one or more embodiments, the present invention provides a process for preparing a dispersion of starch particles in an aqueous liquid. in one or more embodiments, the process includes introducing a feed starch and aqueous liquid into a rotor stator mixer, keeping the feed starch and aqueous liquid into the rotor stator mixer at a temperature ranging from a temperature gelatinization at less than a solubilization temperature, and shear the feed starch into starch particles with the rotor stator mixer to form the aqueous liquid starch particle dispersion. in one or more configurations, the starch particles produced by this process have an average particle size diameter of no more than 2 micrometers and the dispersion is 20 to 65 percent by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight dispersion. 公开号:BR112012031100B1 申请号:R112012031100-0 申请日:2011-06-06 公开日:2020-12-15 发明作者:Gregory W. Welsch；Brian J. Ninness；Michael Read；Timothy J. Young；Michal E. Matteucci；David E. Hammond；Liang Hong；Donald K. Ervick Jr 申请人:Dow Global Technologies Llc； IPC主号:
专利说明:
Field of invention [0001] The embodiments of the present invention are directed to the processes for preparing starch, more specifically, the embodiments are directed to the process of preparing stable dispersions of starch particles. Background of the invention [0002] Synthetic latexes are important components in binder systems for coatings, used in the paper coating industry. The synthetic latexes used in these applications typically have a high solids content (48-58% by weight of solids) and a low viscosity that allows easy handling, and results in a good flowability and stability in the coating process. paper. Synthetic latexes also allow excellent control of particle size, viscoelasticity (for example, glass transition temperature (Tg) and modulus), and wet and dry resistance of the resulting coatings. [0003] In addition to synthetic latexes, starch can also be useful in coating binder systems used in the paper coating industry. For example, starch has been used as a partial substitute for synthetic latexes in binder coatings systems used in the paper coating industry. Among its advantages, starch is a relatively low cost material with excellent water retention and thickening properties while providing hardness, porosity and blocking resistance for the resulting coating. However, there are limitations to the use of starch in these applications. These limitations include poor flow capacity during application and poor product performance of the coating compositions, especially when the level of latex substitution increases. [0004] To overcome these challenges, it would be advantageous for paper coating applications, among others, to develop a starch product that can be made with a high solids content (45-65% by weight) while maintaining a low viscosity of 2000 cP or less, similar to that of synthetic latexes and, preferably, with an average diameter of particle size not greater than 2 micrometers. Summary of the invention [0005] One or more embodiments of the present invention includes a process for preparing a stable dispersion of starch particles in an aqueous liquid. In one or more embodiments, the process includes: introducing a feed starch and aqueous liquid into a rotor stator mixer; maintaining the feed starch and the aqueous liquid in the mixer at a temperature ranging from a gel formation temperature (gelatinization) to a temperature less than the solubilization temperature of the feed starch; and shearing the starch feed into starch particles with the rotor stator mixer to form the stable dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid. [0006] In one or more embodiments, the shear of the feed starch into starch particles produces starch particles having an average particle size diameter of no more than 2 micrometers. Other average particle size diameters for starch particles are also possible. For example, in one or more embodiments, shearing the feed starch into starch particles produces starch particles having an average particle size diameter of no more than 1 micrometer. In another example, in one or more embodiments, the shear of the feed starch into starch particles produces starch particles having an average particle size diameter of 10 to 200 nanometers. [0007] In one or more embodiments, shearing the feed starch into starch particles includes forming the dispersion having 20 to 65% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion. In one or more embodiments, shearing the feed starch into starch particles includes forming the dispersion having 35 to 55 weight percent of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion. In one or more embodiments, shearing the feed starch into starch particles includes forming the dispersion having 45 to 55 weight percent of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion. In one or more embodiments, shearing the feed starch into starch particles includes forming the dispersion having from 48 to 55 weight percent of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion. [0008] In one or more embodiments, the starch particles are sheared in the absence of a crosslinker. In one or more embodiments, the shear of the feed starch into starch particles is conducted in the absence of a surfactant and / or a crosslinker. In one or more embodiments, the shear of the feed starch into starch particles is conducted in the presence of a surfactant and / or a crosslinker. In one or more embodiments, the shear of the feed starch, in addition to the production of starch particles, produces the soluble starch having an initial molecular weight, where the soluble starch can be reduced from the initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight which is less than the initial molecular weight. In one or more embodiments, the reduction of soluble starch includes enzymatic reduction of soluble starch from the initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight less than the initial molecular weight. [0009] In one or more embodiments, the viscosity of the dispersion having 20 to 65 weight percent of the starch particles, based on the total weight of the dispersion, is less than 10,000 cP at being at 25 ° C for at least 24 hours , for example, in 24 hours. In one or more embodiments, the process of the present invention also includes at least partially removing the aqueous liquid from the starch particles in the dispersion. [0010] In one or more embodiments of the invention, the dispersion of prepared starch particles, through the process of the present invention, can be included in a binder composition, an adhesive composition and / or a coating composition. In one or more embodiments, the coating composition can be a paper coating composition, among other types of coating compositions. In one or more embodiments, the coating composition can be a film-forming composition. In one or more embodiments, the coating composition can be applied to one or more surfaces of a substrate. In one or more embodiments, the coating composition applied to one or more substrate surfaces can have at least a portion of the aqueous liquid removed, thereby forming a coating layer (for example, a film), a binder layer or an adhesive layer associated with one or more substrate surfaces. In one or more embodiments, the coating layer, the binder layer or the adhesive layer formed with the dispersion produced in accordance with the present invention can be continuous, discontinuous, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the removal of at least a portion of the aqueous liquid can be removed via drying, centrifugation, freeze drying, filtration, absorption and combinations thereof. In one or more embodiments, an article can be formed with the coating composition, where the article can have a substrate having one or more surfaces, and one or more layers of coating associated with one or more surfaces of the substrate, the layer being coating is derived from the coating composition. [0011] The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each of the described embodiments or each implementation of the present invention. The description which is given below exemplifies, more particularly, the illustrative embodiments. In several places in the patent application, a guide is provided through the list of examples, whose examples can be used in various combinations. In each example, the list cited serves only as a representative group and should not be interpreted as an exclusive list. Brief description of the drawings [0012] Figure 1 provides an electron transmission microscopy (TEM) image of a soluble starch from a feed starch that has been “cooked” beyond the solubilization temperature, but not coagulated / gelatinized in accordance with this description; [0013] Figure 2 provides a TEM image of a stable dispersion of the starch particles in an aqueous liquid according to the present invention; and [0014] Figure 3 provides an optical microscopic image of the starch granules formed from the feed starch in an aqueous liquid, but kept below the gel temperature during shear. Definition [0015] As used here, the terms "one", "one", "o", "a", "one or more", and "at least one" are used interchangeably and include reference to the plural unless the context clearly dictate otherwise. [0016] Unless otherwise defined, all scientific and technical terms are understood to have the same meaning as that commonly used in the technique to which they belong. For the purpose of the present invention, additional specific terms are defined below. [0017] As used here, “μ m” is an abbreviation for micrometer. [0018] As used here, “° C” is an abbreviation for degree Celsius. [0019] As used here, “cP” is an abbreviation for Centipoise, a unit of measurement in the cgs system for viscosity. [0020] The terms "comprise", "includes" and variations of those words do not have a limiting meaning, when these have appeared in the description and in the claims. Thus, for example, a process comprising "one" feed starch can be interpreted to mean a process that includes "one or more" feed starches. In addition, the term "comprising", which is synonymous with "including" or "containing", inclusive, and not limited, and does not exclude additional unquoted elements or steps of the method. [0021] As used here, the term "and / or" means one, or more than one, or all of the elements listed. [0022] Here too, quotes for numeric ranges by periods include all numbers within that range (for example, 1 to 5 include, 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 2.75; 3; 3 , 80; 4, 5, etc.). [0023] As used herein, the term "feed starch" may include, a carbohydrate polymer composed of various proportions of amylose and amylopectin linked by glycosidic bonds and having and / or being in a crystalline or semi-crystalline state. Feed starch can be selected from a wide variety of sources including, but not limited to, corn, potatoes, tapioca, rice, wheat, barley, and other grains and / or tubers (for example, root or bulbous stems ( “Stem tubers”)), and those may include waxes, natural, unmodified natural, and / or starches with a high amylose content. Specific non-limiting examples include waxy corn starch (for example, a starch with a high amylopectin content) and starch grains, among others. Feed starch may also include "modified" feed starch which may include a modified starch (eg, corn, potato, tapioca, among others) prepared by acetylation, chlorination, and acid hydrolysis, enzymatic action, or other modification processes . This “modified” feed starch can be purposely modified in order to release other benefits, such as, carboxylated starches, hydroxyethyl starches, resistant starches, thermally oxidized starches, dextrin type, among others. In one or more embodiments, the feed starch can have a number of different properties and or shapes. These include, but are not limited to, a dry powder and / or an intermediate starch product, such as cake, and / or must having a moisture content in the range of 80 percent or less by weight, for example. example, in the range of 35 to 80 weight percent; or in an alternative of 35 to 75 weight percent, or in an alternative, of 35 to 65 weight percent. In one or more embodiments, the feed starch has discrete units having an average particle size diameter of about 15 to about 40 micrometers (μ m), for example, 15 to 35 μ m; or in an alternative, from 15 to 30 μ m; or in an alternative of 20 to 40 μ m. Mixtures of two or more feed starches provided here are also possible, and should be considered to be a "feed starch" as provided and discussed here. [0024] As used herein "dry" means no more than 8 to about 14 percent water by weight absorbed in and / or bound to a substance (eg, starch). [0025] As used here, the term "crosslinker" means a compound that bonds to at least two chains of polymeric molecules within carbon atoms by primary chemical bonds. In one or more embodiments, different categories of a crosslinker include, but are not limited to, amino resins (urea formaldehyde and melanin formaldehyde), glyoxal resins, and metal ions (zirconium complexes). If a crosslinker is employed with the dispersion of the present invention, the selection of the crosslinker may depend at least in part on the reactive groups available in the starch particles, the ingredients of the coating composition, binder composition and / or adhesive composition and / or the use end of the coated substrate. The term insolubilizer is also often used to define the chemical function of the crosslinker in conjunction with starch. [0026] As used here, the term "surfactant" means a compound that reduces surface tension when dissolved in water or aqueous solution, or that reduces the interfacial tension between two liquids, or between a liquid and a solid. [0027] As used herein, the term "soluble starch" means a starch released and / or leached from the feed starch granule in the aqueous liquid while being heated to or at a temperature ranging from a gelatinization temperature to below a solubilization temperature of the feed starch, where the soluble starch is present in the aqueous phase between the starch particles of the present solution. In one embodiment, the soluble starch can be further characterized by being small enough so as not to spread light in the visible spectrum (for example, from about 380 to 400 nanometers to about 760 or 780 nanometers). Figure 1 provides an electron transmission microscopy (TEM) image of soluble starch forming a starch molecule network (for example, a type of wire interconnected like “spider web”) without the presence of the starch particles in this invention, which are illustrated in figure 2, as discussed here. [0028] As used herein, the term "dispersion" means a two-phase system where a phase consists of starch particles, as defined herein, dispersed through an aqueous liquid, as defined in the present application, which forms a continuous phase. For the present description, the starch particles can be dispersed in an aqueous liquid where the starch particles have an average particle size diameter of no more than 2 micrometers. [0029] As used herein, the term "aqueous liquid" includes water or an aqueous solution which may include compounds (ionic or non-ionic) such as organic compounds, inorganic compounds, water-soluble polymers, fats, oils, proteins, polysaccharides, salts, sugars, acids, alcohols, alkalis, and gases that aid in the adjustment and / or maintain a pH, salinity, electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and / or a boiling point, among other things. [0030] As used herein, the term "starch particles" refers to a discrete unit derived from feed starch using the methodology of the present invention, where the discrete units have an amorphous structure and an average diameter of no larger particle size than 2 micrometers, with an average particle size diameter of no more than 1 micrometer or average diameter and a particle size of 10 to 200 nanometers are possible. Figure 2 provides a TEM image of a stable dispersion of starch particles in an aqueous liquid according to the present invention, as is more fully discussed here. The size and shape of the starch particles in figure 2 are in contrast to the light microscopy image of the dispersed starch granules shown in figure 3, with the starch granules being formed by shearing a feed starch in a food mixer. rotor stator at a temperature below the gelatinization temperature of the feed starch. [0031] As used herein, the term "stable" or "stability" means the ability and duration of the starch particles of the present invention to retain as a dispersion in the aqueous liquid due to the Brownian motion of the starch particles in the aqueous liquid, being that any arrangement of the starch particles can be reversed by stirring. The starch dispersion of the starch particles of the present invention does not become gel or "clump" under the conditions of the dispersion given here. [0032] As used herein, the term "rotor stator mixer" refers to a high shear mixing apparatus that disperses, or transports, the starch particles in the aqueous liquid, as provided here, by mechanical stirring. In one or more embodiments, the rotor stator mixer includes at least one impeller or rotor, or a series of thrusters and / or rotors, powered by an engine, for example, an electric motor, and at least one stationary component (for example, example, a stator) that creates a closed free span with the rotor to produce an extremely high shear zone for the material (for example, feed starch) when it exists in the rotor. Factors such as the diameter of the rotor and its rotational speed (for example, ramps and cycles), the design of the stator ring, such as the number and order of the teeth, their angle and the distance between the rotor and the stator (eg example, clearance distance), residence time and the number of rotor stator mixers used in all the effects of producing the dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid. Examples of said high-shear mixing apparatus include, but are not limited to, high-shear batch mixers, high-shear mixers in series ("inline"), mixed in ultra-high shear series, and grinding mills. In one embodiment, the embodiment of the rotor stator mixer, however, excludes extruder. [0033] As used here, the term "gelatinization temperature" refers to a temperature and pressure at which the crystalline structure becomes a uniformly dispersed mixture at the molecular level EME with the aqueous liquid. [0034] As used here, the terms "swollen / swollen", "swollen" and / or "swollen" hurt an increase in the volume of feed starch due to at least in part the loss of crystallinity of the starch's initial structure feed and the absorption of an aqueous liquid within the amorphous structure resulting from the feed starch. [0035] As used here, the term "ambient conditions" refers to a temperature around 25 ° C (for example, 25 ° C) and a pressure of 101.325 kiloPascals (kPa) (1 atmosphere). [0036] As used herein, the term "specific mechanical energy (SME)" is defined as the total input of mechanical energy per unit mass of material flowing through the rotor stator mixer of the present invention. The SME units shown here are in Joules per gram (J / g). [0037] As used here, the term "redispersible" is defined as the formulation of energy that easily disperses and hydrates in an aqueous liquid. Polymer powders are typically produced by subjecting an aqueous dispersion of the polymer to a drying operation in which its volatile components are evaporated, for example, by spray drying or cooling by drying. Evaporation of the aqueous dispersion medium can be accompanied by the irreversible aggregation of the polymeric particles of the aqueous dispersion together, to form secondary particles. The formation of secondary particles results in poor redispersibility, which is generally accompanied by poor performance properties of the powder. Therefore, good water redispersibility is one of the most important properties of water-redispersible polymeric powder. Detailed description of the invention [0038] Embodiments of the present invention describe the use of a rotor stator mixer for producing a dispersion of the starch particles in an aqueous liquid. In one or more embodiments, the starch particles of the present invention are formed from a feed starch. In one or more embodiments, the feed starch and the aqueous liquid are heated to a temperature range from a gelatinization temperature to below a solubilization temperature of the feed starch. At this temperature, the structure of the feed starch swells when it loses its crystalline structure and absorbs at least a portion of the liquid to achieve an amorphous structure. The feed starch in its swollen state passes through the shear to allow the production of the starch particles in the dispersion. The dispersions of the present invention can have improved self-stability, high solid content and low viscosity, as discussed here. [0039] In one or more embodiments, the particles of starch produced according to the present invention are believed to retain the amorphous structure of the swollen feed starch from which they are produced. Starch particles with their amorphous structure can also retain a discrete state in the dispersion of the present invention in the ambient condition, as provided herein. In contrast, it is believed that if the solubilization temperature of the feed starch is achieved and / or exceeded (for example, the starch has been "cooked" and is referred to as "cooked starch") and sufficient water is available, the amorphous structure of the feed starch would be destroyed to such an extent that the starch particles having the structure and size could not be formed according to the processes of the present invention. [0040] In one or more embodiments, the size of the starch particles of the present embodiment are on the order of magnitude smaller than the feed starch. This reduction in size greatly increases the number of starch particles per unit volume for various users, as discussed here, when compared to using starch feed alone. In one or more embodiments, even when the number of starch particles per unit volume can result in a high solids content, as discussed here, the viscosity of the dispersion remains surprisingly low in ambient conditions. In one or more embodiments, it is believed that this surprisingly low viscosity can be at least partially attributed to reduced interaction between the starch particles of the present invention, when compared to a situation where the feed starch was completely solubilized before the formation of the dispersion . [0041] In one or more embodiments, the high solids / low viscosity content of the dispersion of the present invention can be achieved without chemical modification of the starch particles. In one or more embodiments, it is also believed that reducing the size of the starch particles can lead to improved stability and better properties of coatings formed from the coating compositions that include the dispersion of the present description. As discussed more fully here, coating compositions that include the dispersion of the present invention can be used in applications, such as coating compositions, adhesive compositions, and / or binder compositions, among others as discussed here. [0042] In one or more embodiments, the process of the present invention includes introducing the feed starch and the aqueous liquid into the rotor stator mixer. Feed starch can be introduced into the rotor stator mixer as provided by the manufacturer (for example, a dry powder, cake, and / or wort) and / or can be pre-moistened prior to introduction into the stator mixer of the rotor. In one or more embodiments, the amount of water included with the feed starch, with respect to the source, is counted as a part of the aqueous liquid in determining the amount of the aqueous liquid in the rotor stator mixer. In one or more embodiments, the weight of water is excluded, however, from the calculations of the dry weight of the feed starch. [0043] In one or more embodiments, an appropriate amount of the aqueous liquid can be introduced with the feed starch to ensure both, the absorption of the aqueous liquid into the feed starch and to allow the feed starch to swell and for dispersion of the present invention to be formed. In addition, during the initial shear process of the feed starch and the aqueous liquid it is also believed to be necessary to have a sufficient solids content (eg feed starch) of the initial mixture to facilitate shearing of the feed starch swelling. within a stable dispersion of the starch particles of the present invention. Such an example is illustrated in the Examples provided here. [0044] In one or more embodiments, the amount of aqueous liquid introduced with the feed starch into the rotor stator mixer can be from 40 weight percent (weight percent) to 55 weight percent, based on weight of the aqueous liquid and the feed starch. All individual values and sub-ranges from 40% by weight to 55% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous liquid and the feed starch are included here and described here, for example, in the aqueous liquid introduced with the feed starch inside the mixer of the rotor stator can be a lower limit of 40% by weight; 45% by weight, or 50% by weight for an upper limit 55% by weight, or 50% by weight (where it is possible that the lower limit and the upper limit are both 50% by weight). For example, the amount of aqueous liquid introduced with the feed starch into the rotor stator mixer can be from 40% by weight to 55% by weight, from 40% by weight to 50% by weight, from 45% by weight at 55% by weight, from 45% by weight to 50% by weight, or from 50% by weight to 55% by weight. [0045] In one or more embodiments, the rotor stator mixer can provide and / or remove heat to achieve and / or maintain the temperature of the feed starch and the aqueous liquid from the gelatinization temperature to below the temperature of solubilization of feed starch. For example, the rotor stator mixer may include a heating / cooling jacket that can be used to control the temperature of the feed starch and aqueous liquid in its large growth phase within the rotor stator mixer. In one or more embodiments, heating and / or cooling can be provided through the stream and / or water having a sufficient temperature difference with the growth phase of the feed starch and the aqueous liquid to induce heat and / or cooling as wished. The action of the rotor stator can also contribute to the heating energy for the feed starch and aqueous liquid, which may have to be removed by the heating / cooling jacket of the rotor stator mixer. [0046] In one or more embodiments, the temperature at which the feed starch is processed to allow the feed starch to swell to achieve an appropriate size and the hydration for shearing the starch particles, which in turn has the size appropriate to create sufficient Brownian motion to keep it suspended in dispersion. In one or more embodiments, maintaining the feed starch and the aqueous liquid in a temperature range from the gelatinization temperature to less than the solubilization temperature of the feed starch induces the feed starch to lose its crystalline structure and promotes the absorption of aqueous liquid. As the crystalline structure is lost and the feed starch absorbs the aqueous liquid, it starts to swell. The feed starch, however, does not solubilize in the aqueous liquid (for example, it is not allowed to solubilize in the aqueous liquid) as the temperature of the feed starch in the aqueous liquid does not reach or exceed the solubilization temperature of the feed starch. [0047] As appreciated, the exact temperature range (for example, from the gelatinization temperature to less than the solubilization temperature) will be a function of the feed starch selected for processing according to the present description. For example, when waxy corn is used as the starch, the temperature can vary from about 68 ° C (the gelatinization temperature of waxy corn at atmospheric pressure) to about 82 ° C (the solubilization temperature of the waxy corn at atmospheric pressure) when these temperature values are given as examples with the knowledge that they can be different for different degrees of waxy corn from different producers and / or based on the seasonal change in the starch of the raw material. [0048] It should be appreciated that the gelatinization temperature and the solubilization temperature of the feed starch can also be affected by the pressure at which the dispersion process takes place in the rotor stator mixer. Pressure such as, for example, 101 kPa to 3447 kPa, can be applied to facilitate processing. In other embodiments, the pressure can be 101 kPa to 1379 kPa, or 101 kPa to 689 kPa. Said exemplary pressure may be suitable for rotor stator mixer which operates as a continuous process, a semi-continuous process and / or a batch process. [0049] In addition, for swelling when it absorbs the aqueous liquid, the feed starch in the rotor stator mixer is also exposed to shear force of sufficient magnitude to allow the formation of the dispersion starch particles. In one or more embodiments, the rotor stator mixer can transmit specific mechanical energy (SME), sufficient to form the dispersion of the present invention. For example, the rotor stator mixer can transmit SME in a range of 100 Joules per gram (J / g) of the components which leads to the dispersion of the starch to 2000 J / g during the shear of the feed starch within the starch particles . In another example, the rotor stator mixer can transmit SME in a range of 100 (J / g) of the components that lead to the dispersion of the starch to 1000 J / g during the shear of the feed starch within the starch particles. [0050] In one or more embodiments, the SME may also have other ranges of values, which may depend on the rheology of the aqueous liquid, the feed starch contained in the rotor stator mixer and / or the type and / or configuration of the rotor stator mixer used in the process. Examples of such ranges may also include, but are not limited to, all individual values and sub ranges from 100 J / g to 2000 J / g, for example, the SME value may be a lower limit of 100 J / g, 150 J / g, or 200 J / g for an upper limit of 2000 J / g, 1000 J / g, 875 J / g or 750 J / g. For example, the SME value can be 100 J / g to 2000 J / g, 100 J / g to 1000 J / g, from 100 J / g to 875 J / g, from 150 J / g to 750 J / g g or 200 J / g to 750 J / g, among others. [0051] In one or more embodiments, the SME provided by a rotor stator mixer can add heat to the growth phase of the feed starch, the aqueous liquid and the starch particles present therein. Specifically, this energy can be added around the shear zone of the rotor stator mixer (the area in and directly around the current rotor stator and / or the mixer structure), which can induce an increase in local temperature . The residence time of the feed starch, the aqueous liquid and the starch particles in this area, however, is very short. In addition, the feed starch, the aqueous liquid and the starch particles having been heated in the shear zone are then almost immediately mixed again with the large growth phase of the aqueous liquid, which helps to control the temperature in the range provided here. This is not the case with other systems, for example, extruders and / or jet cookers. [0052] In one or more embodiments, the rotor and / or stator geometry can be returned to achieve a desired SME and / or shear rates for the rotor stator mixer. The operating speed (for example, rotations per minute) of the rotor can also be adjusted to create the appropriate amount of shear to reduce the desired particle size. In one or more embodiments, it is also possible to have a stator ring that can be engaged and disengaged in relation to the rotor. This allows the stator to disengage from the rotor when the temperature of the feed starch, the aqueous liquid and the particles of the starch produced during the process reach the target, but does not exceed the solubilization temperature of the feed starch. In one or more embodiments, it is also possible to adjust the dwell time value for the feed starch in the rotor stator mixer by recirculating the product through the mixing zone of the rotor stator mixer. In one or more embodiments, the rotor stator mixer may also include the destruction and / or a mixing impeller with independently directed distribution (for example, turbine or propellant), to ensure proper mixing and return within the stator mixer of the rotor. [0053] In one or more embodiments, the shear of the rotor stator mixer breaks the feed starch in its swelling state within the discrete units that return the starch particles. As discussed here, feed starch shear produces starch particles having an average particle size diameter greater than 0 micrometer, but not greater than 2 micrometers (that is, not greater than 2 micrometers), with sizes greater than 0 micrometers, but not greater than 1 micrometers (that is, not greater than 1 micrometer) and / or 10 to 200 nanometers are possible. [0054] In one or more embodiments, the average particle size diameter of the starch particles can be measured using electron transmission microscopy. Light scattering techniques are not effective for determining the average particle size diameter of the starch particles when the materials appear to lose agglomeration, showing an inadequate result. In one or more embodiments, the determination of the average weight number of the particle diameter can be accompanied by the measurement of the diameter of a predetermined number of starch particles and then the determination of the mathematical medium of the particle diameter measured to arrive at the weight number. average particle size diameter. [0055] The high solids content of the dispersion formed according to the present invention is advantageously, in various embodiments, at least 20% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion, at least 35% by weight of the particles starch based on the total weight of the dispersion, at least 45% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion, or at least 48% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion, and advantageously up to a maximum of 65% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion, or up to 55% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion. Combinations of lower and upper limits are possible. In one or more embodiments, the high solids content is 20 wt% to 65 wt% of the starch particles based on a total weight of the dispersion. In one or more embodiments, the high solids content is 35% by weight to 65% by weight of the starch particles based on a total weight of the dispersion. In one or more embodiments, the high solids content of 45% by weight to 55% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion. In one or more embodiments, the high solids content is 48% by weight to 55% by weight of the starch particles based on a total weight of the dispersion. [0056] The dispersion of the present invention, in addition has a high content of solids (e.g., starch particles), may also have a very low viscosity compared to conventional starch solutions of the same high content of solids. In one or more embodiments, even with a high solids content of the dispersion having an upper limit for a lower limit as provided here (based on the total weight of the dispersion), the dispersion may also have a viscosity of 2000 cP or less, or 1000 cP or less when measured in ambient conditions. Thus, for example, with a high solids content of the dispersion being 20 wt% to 65 wt% based on a total weight of the dispersion which can have a viscosity of 2000 cP or less, when measured under ambient conditions. In a further embodiment, with the high solids content of the dispersion being 20 wt% to 65 wt% based on a total weight of the dispersion which can have a viscosity of 1000 cP or less when measured under ambient conditions. In another embodiment, with a high sodium content of the dispersion being 35% by weight to 65% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion, the dispersion may have a viscosity of 1000 cP or less, when measured under ambient conditions. In additional embodiments, the viscosity of the dispersion with a high solids content (for example, from an upper limit to a lower limit as provided here) can advantageously have a viscosity of 800 cP or less, and in various embodiments the dispersion can advantageously have a viscosity of 600 cP or less, or even a viscosity of 400 cP or less, as measured under ambient conditions. In one or more embodiments, the dispersion of the present invention may also have a high content of solids provided here with a viscosity greater than 1000 cP, or greater than 2000 cP, when measured under ambient conditions (for example, a value of at least 10,000 cP when measured in ambient conditions). [0057] The embodiments of the present invention are also capable of maintaining both high solids content and low viscosity at room temperature (25 ° C) for various time intervals. For example, the dispersion of the present invention can maintain a viscosity of less than 10,000 cP with a high solids content of 20% by weight to 65% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion after being at room temperature (25 ° C) for 24 hours. In a further example, the dispersion of the present invention can maintain a viscosity of less than 10,000 cP with a high solids content of 35% by weight to 65% by weight of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion after being at a temperature room (25 ° C) for 24 hours. [0058] In one or more embodiments, to achieve these viscosity values for the dispersion it may require that the soluble starch present in the dispersion be reduced from an initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight that is less than the initial molecular weight. In one or more embodiments, the soluble starch present in the dispersion of the starch particles can either be produced and / or released during the heating and / or shearing of the feed starch. In one or more embodiments, the soluble starch includes small fragments of the feed starch, relative to the starch particles, which can contribute significantly to the dispersion viscosity. The reduction of soluble starch from the initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight less than the initial molecular weight which is useful in reducing the viscosity of the dispersion by reducing the soluble starch in small fragments. Examples of appropriate approaches for reducing soluble starch from an initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight less than the initial molecular weight include, but are not limited to, the use of chemical modifications, for example, acid hydrolysis, or alkaline hydrolysis, acid reduction, oxidative reduction, mechanical / physical degradation (for example, via thermomechanical energy input from the processing equipment), and / or enzymatic and / or microorganism reduction (such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, algae, and / or recurrences) to reduce the molecular weight of soluble starch. [0059] In one or more embodiments, the reduction of soluble starch includes enzymatic reduction of soluble starches from the initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight less than the initial molecular weight. The use of an enzyme of the present description is useful in reducing the viscosity of the dispersion through cleavage and / or enzymatic reduction of the soluble starch into smaller fragments. In one or more embodiments, reduction / cleavage of the soluble starch in these smaller fragments helps in improving the viscosity of the dispersion (for example, it helps in decreasing the viscosity) in relation to the non-use of enzyme. [0060] In one or more embodiments, the enzyme can be used during the process to prepare the dispersion of the starch particles in the aqueous liquid. In one or more embodiments, the enzyme can be a soluble and / or it can be an immobilized enzyme. In one or more embodiments, the enzyme can be included in the rotor stator mixer with the feed starch and the aqueous liquid, where it can act on the soluble starch, when it is both produced and / or released from the feed starch when it absorbs the aqueous liquid, swells and / or is sheared into starch particles. In one or more embodiments, the soluble starch when it is produced and / or released may have an initial molecular weight. Enzymatic reduction reduces soluble starch from the initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight that is less than the initial molecular weight. In other words, the enzyme present in the rotor stator mixer can cleave soluble starch into smaller fragments that have less of an impact on the dispersion viscosity. [0061] In one or more embodiments, the enzyme selected for modifying the dispersion viscosity will depend on the feed starch compositions used in the formation of the dispersion. Since starch feed is based primarily on polysaccharide chemistry, enzymes capable of size modification (eg, cleavage) carbohydrates will likely be more useful, and are known in the art. In one or more embodiments, the concentration of an enzyme useful in the present description can be much lower than would be understood and / or recommended from the art. For example, it should be believed that the concentrations of the enzyme useful for the present description can be 10 to 1000 times lower than what is suggested for the modification of starch by the enzyme manufacturers. This can result in the enzyme concentrations in the dispersion, for example, from 0.005 weight percent to 0.0001 weight percent relative to the total weight of the dispersion (e.g., waxy corn). As appreciated, the exact enzyme concentration appropriate for modifying the dispersion viscosity may be dependent on the temperature, enzyme activity, the feed starch and / or the conditions under which the viscosity modification occurs. [0062] In one or more embodiments, the enzyme can be used at a temperature and for a duration that is sufficient to achieve the desired viscosity for the dispersion. In one or more embodiments, once the desired viscosity has been achieved, the enzyme can be "deactivated". In one or more embodiments, the enzyme can be deactivated by removing a component necessary to activate the enzyme. For example, the enzyme may require the use of a particular salt at a particular concentration to allow the enzyme to function. The removal of the salt would therefore have resulted in the deactivation of the enzyme. For example, removal of calcium ions by chelation (e.g., the use of a chelating agent) may be sufficient to deactivate an enzyme that is used to cleave the soluble starch present in the dispersion of the present description. [0063] In one or more embodiments, the feed starch can be sheared into dispersion starch particles in the absence of a crosslinker (for example, without the use of crosslinking chemistry). In one or more embodiments, the shearing of the feed starch into starch particles of the dispersion can be conducted in the absence of a surfactant. In one or more embodiments, the use of one or more of a crosslinker and / or a surfactant is, however, possible with embodiments of the present invention. In one or more embodiments, the use of a crosslinker in the preparation of the dispersion of the present invention can assist in changing the molecular weight of the starch particle, in relation to not having used the crosslinker. Said change in at least a portion of the molecular weight value of the starch particles of the present invention can provide the advantages of moisture resistance derived from dispersion in the application of a paper coating formulation. It should be appreciated that said crosslinker could interact with the starch particles through hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, or a combination of both. [0064] In one or more embodiments, a variety of rotor stator mixers can be used in accordance with the present description. Examples of such rotor stator mixers include, but are not limited to, high shear batch mixers, high shear series mixers, ultra high shear series mixers, and crushing mills (for example, a Kady Mill) among others discussed here. In one or more embodiments, the rotor stator mixer can be operated as part of a continuous process, a semi-continuous process and / or a batch process. [0065] By way of example, a dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid as described here can be prepared in a continuous form as follows. In a stirring tank, the feed starch can be added to the aqueous liquid to create a must having, as provided here, a lower limit for an upper limit of the amount of aqueous liquid introduced with the feed starch into the stator mixer of the rotor (for example, from 40% by weight to 60% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous liquid and the feed starch). In some cases, the rotor / stator mixer may be equipped with an attached powder feed that can allow both the feed starch and the aqueous liquid to be fed into the rotor / stator mixer continuously. The proportion of the flow rates of the two streams can be arranged to obtain a wort having the desired amount of aqueous liquid introduced with the feed starch into the rotor stator mixer (for example, from 40% by weight to 60% by weight with based on the weight of the aqueous liquid and the feed starch). [0066] The must of the feed starch and the aqueous liquid can be pumped inside a rotor / stator mixer, so that it passes through the mixer in a single passage. The temperature and flow rate of the wort, as well as the temperature of the rotor / stator mixer jacket can be maintained so that the temperature of the wort is from a gelatinization temperature to below the solubilization temperature of the feed starch, as discussed on here. The shear force, in the ranges provided here, can then be applied to the feed starch without its swollen state in order to create the dispersion of the starch particles, as discussed here. In some cases, an enzyme solution as discussed here (for example, water containing 0.15% by weight of the enzyme and 0.19% by weight of calcium chloride) can be added continuously within the dispersion in the rotor / stator mixer through a separate injection port. In some cases, a second rotor / stator mixer (equipped with a second mixer jacket for cooling) can be placed in series after the rotor / stator mixer provides additional shear to further reduce the size of the starch particles in the dispersion, if desired . Rotor speed, rotor design, rotor operating pattern, component flow rate (for example, feed starch and aqueous liquid), pressure and temperature are examples of variables in the continuous dispersion production of the starch particles in the aqueous liquid according to the present description. The selection and values for said variations, of the aqueous liquid and / or any of the optional additives selected in the preparation of the dispersion of the present description. [0067] In one or more embodiments, optional additives can also be used in the process of the present description. For example, anionic and ionic stabilizers can be added to the dispersion during the shearing process to reduce particle agglomeration during drying. In a further example, a plasticizer may be present in addition to the feed starch and the aqueous liquid. Examples of plasticizers include a polyol (for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyglycols, glycerol, sucrose, maltose, maltodextrins, and sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol), urea, sodium lactate, amino acids, or citric acid esters, at a level of 5 to 40% by weight based on the dry weight of the feed starch. However, water can already act as a plasticizer. The total amount of the plasticizer (i.e. water and additional plasticizer) can vary from 5% and 65% by weight based on the dry weight of the feed starch. A lubricant, such as lecithin, other phospholipids or monoglycerides, can also be present at a level of 0.5% to 2.5% by weight based on the dry weight of the feed starch. [0068] In one or more embodiments, optional additives can also be added to the dispersions of the present description. Said additives include, but are not limited to, biocides, antimicrobial additives, a pH adjustment base and / or acid, pigments, flavoring or fragrance improvers, inert organic and / or inorganic filler material or pigments, and combinations of the same. [0069] In one embodiment, the dispersion of the present invention is easy to use the rotor stator mixer as is. This advantageously reduces the costs associated with the drying steps required by some prior art processes to concentrate the material within a powder form. It is, however, possible at least partially, that is, less than 90 percent, substantially, that is, at least 90 percent and / or completely, that is, at least 98 percent, of the removal of the aqueous liquid from the dispersion starch particles to concentrate the solid content of the dispersion or to form a dry redispersion powder from the starch particles for final redispersion. As provided here, at least partially, that is, less than 90 percent, substantially, that is, at least 90 percent, and / or completely, that is, at least 98 percent, of the removal of the aqueous liquid from the dispersion particles can form a dry redispersion powder having an average particle size diameter of not more than 20 μ m, for example, not more than 10 μ m; in an alternative, not greater than 5 μ m, in an alternative, not greater than 4 μ m, in an alternative, not greater than 2 μ m. The particles of dry redispersion powder can agglomerate during the drying steps to form particles larger than the starch particles in the dispersion. The agglomerated particles can be dispersed in a dispersion having an average diameter of the particle size not greater than 2 μ m; for example, from an average particle size diameter of no more than 1 μ m or an average particle size diameter of 10 to 200 nanometers. [0070] Various means for reducing the aqueous dispersion liquid content and / or for drying the dispersion are known to those skilled in the art. Examples of such media include air drying, forced air drying, spray drying, pressurized filtration and centrifugation, among others. In one or more embodiments, the drying powder of the starch particles can be further milled to break the particles and / or aggregates of particles into the desired size. The drying powder of the starch particles of the present invention can then be resuspended in a dispersion in a desired period. In one or more embodiments, it may also be possible to add additional water to the dispersion to change the solids content to a desired level. [0071] In one or more embodiments, the dry powder of the starch particles can also be combined with other powders, compounds and / or dispersions before or in the period of resuspension. Examples of said powders, compounds and / or dispersion include, but are not limited to, latexes, latex and non-latex binders, dispersions, pigments, among others useful for coating film, adhesive and / or binder systems, as provided herein. [0072] The starch particles of the present invention can also be combined with one or more of the following additional components. Said additional components can be mixed with the starch particles in the dispersion or can be combined with a dry powder of the starch particles. In one or more embodiments, the additional component may include one or more binder compositions such as acrylic latex, acrylic vinyl latex, acrylic styrene latex, styrene butadiene latex, ethylene vinyl acetate latex, modified cellulosic binders such as methyl cellulose , hydroxypropyl cellulose, and combinations thereof, optionally one or more filler material, optionally one or more additives, optionally one or more pigments, for example, titanium dioxide, mica, calcium carbonate, silica, zinc oxide, ground glass, aluminum trihydrate, talc, antimony trioxide, loose ash, and clay; optionally, one or more co-solvents, for example, glycols, ether glycol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, alcohols, mineral spirit, and benzoate esters, optionally one or more dispersants, for example , aminoalcohols, and polycarboxylates; optionally one or more surfactants; optionally one or more defoamers, optionally one or more preservatives, for example, biocides, mildewcides, fungicides, algaecides, and combinations thereof; optionally one or more thickeners; for example, cellulose-based thickener such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified soluble alkaline emulsions (HASE thickeners such as UCAR® POLYPHOBE TR-116 obtained from The Dow Chemical Company) and hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane thickeners (HEUR); or optionally one or more additional neutralizing agents, for example, hydroxides, amines, ammonia, and carbonates. [0073] Additional components may also include, but are not limited to, polysaccharide derivatives, including cellulose derivatives. Examples of said polysaccharide derivatives include, polysaccharide ethers, cellulose ethers and esters, and water soluble cellulose ethers. They may have one or more substituents such as hydroethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, dihydroxypropyl, carboxymethyl, sulfoethyl, branched or unbranched long chain hydrophobic alkyl groups, branched or unbranched alkyl groups of long hydrophobic chains, or alkyl aryl groups, cationic groups, acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, nitrate or sulfate, of which some groups, such as, for example, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, dihydroxypropyl and lactate are capable of forming grafts . The polysaccharide substituents according to the present invention are not limited to these groups. Typical polysaccharide derivatives are derived from guar gum, starch derivatives, chitin or chitosan derivatives, and cellulose derivatives, but the polysaccharide derivatives according to the description are not limited to these. [0074] Examples of cellulosic derivatives may include, but are not limited to, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose (EHEC), carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), hydroxypropyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HPHEC) ), methyl cellulose (MC), methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (hmHEC), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl (hmHPC), hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose ), hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (hmCMHEC), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl cellulose (hmHPHEC), hydrophobically modified methyl cellulose (hmMC), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl cellulose (hmMHH), methyl hydroxymethyl cellulose modified (hmCMMC), sulfoethyl cellulose (SEC ), hydroxyethyl sulfoethyl cellulose (HESEC), hydroxypropyl sulfoethyl cellulose (HPSEC), methyl hydroxyethyl sulfoethylcellulose (HESEC), hydroxypropyl sulfoethyl cellulose (HPSEC), methyl hydroxyethyl sulfoethylcellulose (MHESEC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHESEC), methyl hydroxypropyl sulfoethyl HEHPSEC), carboxymethyl sulfoethyl cellulose (CMSEC), hydrophobically modified sulfoethyl cellulose (hmSEC), hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (hmHESEC), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl cellulose (hmHPSEC) or hydroxyethyl hydroxyethyl hydroxypropyl hydroxypropyl hydroxyethyl (hydroxypropyl) hydroxypropyl hydroxypropylene. Other suitable cellulosic derivatives include cellulose ethers having a thermal flocculation point in water, such as, for example, methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose. [0075] Embodiments of the present invention can also employ a dye as part of the dispersion. A variety of colors can be used. Examples include colors such as yellow, magenta, and cyan. As a black coloring agent, carbon black, and a black-tinting agent use the yellow / magenta / cyan coloring agents shown below can be used. Dyes, as used here, include pigments, dye, and pre-dispersions, among others. These dyes can be used separately, in a mixture, or as a solid solution. In various embodiments, the pigments can be provided in the form of raw pigments, treated pigments, pre-ground pigments, pigment powders, pressed pigment cakes (“presscakes”), small highly concentrated amounts of pigments (“masterbatches”), pigments recycled materials, and pre-dispersions of solid or liquid pigments. As used here, a raw pigment is a pigment particle that has not had a wet treatment applied to its surface, such as depositing various coatings on the surface. The raw pigment and the treated pigment are further discussed in international publication No .: WO 2005/095277 and in US patent application publication US 2006/0078485, the relevant portions of which are incorporated herein by reference. In contrast, a treated pigment can be subjected to wet treatment, such as providing coatings of metal oxides on the particle surfaces. Examples of metal oxide coatings include alumina, silica, and zirconia. The recycled pigment can also be used as initial pigment particles, where the recycled pigment is wet pigment of insufficient quality to be sold as a coating pigment. [0076] Examples of dye particles include, but are not limited to, pigments such as yellow coloring agents, compounds typified by a condensed azo compound, an isoindolinone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a methane compound of the azometallic complex, and a compound allylamide as pigments can be used. As a magenta coloring agent, a condensed azo compound, a diketopyrrolopyrol compound, anthraquinone, a quinacridone compound, a dye-based red ink compound, a naphthol compound, a benzimidazolone compound, a thioindigo compound, and a perylene compound can be used . As a cyan coloring agent, a copper phthalocyanine compound and its derivatives, an anthraquinone compound, a dye-based red ink compound, and the like can be used. [0077] The dispersions of the present description can be used, for example, in different coating applications such as architectural coating applications, automotive coatings applications, paper coating applications, paper sizing applications, grain coating applications, industrial coating applications and conductive coatings, adhesive applications, binder applications, sealing applications, foam applications, toner applications, immediate release coating applications, and controlled release coating applications, among others. [0078] The dispersion can be used in existing applications where starch and / or latex are used. For example, the dispersion can be used in a paper coating composition. Paper coating compositions can be prepared by completely or partially replacing the starch dispersion material with other conventional binders, such as latex and conventional coating starches. [0079] Surprisingly, a significant advantage of the dispersion of the present invention is that it can remain self-stable at 25 ° C for a period of time of at least 52 weeks. [0080] In one or more embodiments, the dispersion of the present invention can be used in a variety of applications. Said applications include, but are not limited to, coating composition, adhesive compositions (for example, tapes, markers, book binders, etc.), pharmaceutical (for example, as an extender in tablet coatings), as a binder and / or loading material in wet laminations and / or wood composites, fiberglass binders for tiles, and / or polyester expansion bonding applications, such as roof and carpet reinforcement. They can also be used in paper coating compositions, carpet bonding applications, mastic (mastic resin), bonding compounds, and / or cements. [0081] Substrates suitable for the dispersion of the present invention include, but are not limited to, basic cellulosic materials, such as paper, paper plates, and / or cardboard, metal-based materials, polymer-based materials (synthetics and / or natural), and mineral-based materials (for example, concrete), among others. The dispersions of the present invention can also be used in existing starch applications, existing synthetic latex applications, coating applications, latex formulations where some of the latex can be replaced by the dispersion of the present invention. [0082] The dispersions according to the present invention can be applied to one or more surfaces of an appropriate substrate via methods known to a person skilled in the art, such as spraying, printing, roll coating, jet coating, film coating , pudding coating, leather coating, and / or dipping and subsequently at least a portion of aqueous liquid can be removed, thereby forming a coating layer, for example, a film, associated with one or more substrate surfaces . EXAMPLES [0083] The following examples are given to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting its scope. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. Test method Leaf brightness: [0084] The brightness of the leaves is measured using a Technidyne T-480 instrument at an incidence angle of 75 °, available from Technidyne Corporation. The gloss of the sheet is a property that describes a glossy or shiny appearance of the coated paper and is a measure of the reflectivity of the sheet surface. Sheet Brightness (GE Brightness) [0085] Leaf brightness is measured using a Technidyne Brightimeter Micro S-5 instrument and Colortouch PC available from Technidyne Corporation. Brightness is a numerical value of a sample's reflection factor with respect to blue light. The instrument has a light source that flickers on a piece of paper at 45 degrees with the receiving optics that visualize the same point of zero degrees, perpendicular to the sample. Brookfield Viscosity [0086] Viscosities are measured using a Brookfield RVT viscometer (available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Stoughton, Massachusetts, USA). For the determination of viscosity, a sample is poured into an appropriately large container to avoid the effects of the edge between the wall and the shaft. Viscosity is measured at around 25 ° C with a variety of shaft sizes and speeds of rotation depending on the characteristics of the sample being measured. The values reported in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained with a number of 3 axes and a condition of 100 rpm. Materials [0087] The following materials are used in the examples. [0088] Starch A: waxy corn starch (Douglas Waxy Peari Starch, available from Penford, Cedar Rapids, IA), dry powder containing about 11% moisture. [0089] Starch B: tooth corn starch (Pearl Starch, available from Penford, Cedar Rapids, IA), dry powder containing about 11% moisture. [0090] Starch C: native waxy corn starch (Merizet 300, available from Tate and Lyle, Koog, Netherlands), dry powder containing about 11% moisture. [0091] Calcium chloride: 10 percent by weight of the calcium chloride solution in water (Calcium chloride from Fischer Scientific, Fair Lawn, N.J.). [0092] Crosslinker: Glyoxal (EKA RC 5550, available from Eka Chemicals Inc., Marietta, GA, USA). [0093] Insolubilizer: surface strength enhancer (Cartabond TS1 (42%), available from Clariant, Muttenz, Switzerland). [0094] Braqnueador: 2.5 weight percent of the solution of sodium hypochlorite in water (domestic bleach, available from Clorox, Corp.). [0095] Enzyme: preparation of the enzyme (BAN 4801, available from Novozymes A / S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). [0096] Chelating agent: preparation of the chelator in water (VERSENOL 120, available from Dow Chemical, Midland, MI). [0097] Carbonate: Dispersion of calcium carbonate with particle size of 90% <2 μ m in water (Hydrocarb®90, available from Pluess-Stauffer, Oftringen, Switzerland), 77% solids. [0098] Clay: No. 1 dispersion, high gloss kaolin clay with particle size of 90-96%, <2 μ m in water (Hydrafine®, available from KaMin Performance Materials, Macon, GA, USA), 71% of solids. [0099] Latex: carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex (CP 638NA, available from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA), 50% solids in water. [0100] Corrosive: 20% of the sodium hydroxide solution (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, N.J.). [0101] Water: deionized water. [0102] Paper: An 88 gram / square meter of free wood-based paper, available from Appleton Coated, Appleton, WI. Equipment: [0103] Prepare the dispersion by first measuring an amount of starch A and deionized water, both at room temperature (25 ° C), to make a mixture having a solids content of 50% by weight. Place a sufficient quantity of the mixture in the mixing bowl of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer to adequately cover the rotor stator to prevent splashing (for example, sufficient quantity of the mixture for the present example is 750 grams of Starch A and 665 grams of deionized water). The arrangement of the rotating speed set of the rotor of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer to the number “10” (scale from 1 to 10) and the mixture of the feed starch and the water mixture having a solids content of 50 percent by weight for 5.5 minutes until the resulting dispersion does not circulate in the mixing vessel under stirring. Reduce the engine speed set to “4” and add water to the dispersion to reduce the solids content to 25 weight percent. Mix the dispersion in the engine speed setting at “4” for an additional 5 minutes. The result is a stable dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid, according to the present description, which does not become a gel after storage at room temperature for 24 hours (25 ° C). Example 2 [0104] Prepare the dispersion by mixing an amount of starch A and deionized water, both at room temperature (25 ° C), to make a mixture having a solids content of 50% by weight. Add 1 part of crosslinker based on 100 parts of dry starch to the mixture. Place a sufficient quantity of the mixture in the mixing bowl of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer to adequately cover the rotor stator to prevent splashing (for example, sufficient quantity of the mixture for the present example is 750 grams of Starch A and 665 grams of deionized water). The arrangement of the rotating speed set of the rotor of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer was conducted to the number “10” (scale from 1 to 10) and the mixture of the feed starch and the water mixture having a solids content of 50 per weight percent for 5.5 minutes until the resulting dispersion does not circulate in the mixing vessel under stirring. Reduce the engine speed set to “4” and add water to the dispersion to reduce the solids content to 25 weight percent. Mix the dispersion in the engine speed setting at “4” for an additional 5 minutes. The result is a stable dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid, according to the present description, which does not become a gel after storage at room temperature for 24 hours (25 ° C). Example 3 [0105] Prepare the dispersion by first measuring an amount of starch B and deionized water, both at room temperature (25 ° C), to make a mixture having a solids content of 50% by weight. Place a sufficient amount of the mixture in the mixing bowl of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer to adequately cover the rotor stator to prevent splashing (for example, the sufficient amount of the mixture for the present example is 750 grams of Starch B and 665 grams of deionized water). The arrangement of the rotating speed set of the rotor of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer was conducted to the number “10” (scale from 1 to 10) and the mixture of the feed starch and the water mixture having a solids content of 50 per weight percent for 5.5 minutes until the resulting dispersion does not circulate in the mixing vessel under stirring. Reduce the engine speed set to “4” and add water to the dispersion to reduce the solids content to 25 weight percent. Mix the dispersion in the engine speed setting at “4” for an additional 5 minutes. The result is a stable dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid, according to the present description, which does not become a gel after storage at room temperature for 24 hours (25 ° C). Example 4 [0106] Prepare the dispersion by first measuring an amount of starch B and deionized water, both at room temperature (25 ° C), to make a mixture having a solids content of 50% by weight. Add one part of crosslinker based on 100 parts of dry starch B to the mixture. Place a sufficient amount of the mixture in the mixing bowl of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer to adequately cover the rotor stator to prevent splashing (for example, the sufficient amount of the mixture for the present example is 750 grams of Starch B and 665 grams of deionized water). The arrangement of the rotating speed set of the rotor of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer was conducted to the number “10” (scale from 1 to 10) and the mixture of the feed starch and the water mixture having a solids content of 50 per weight percent for 5.5 minutes until the resulting dispersion does not circulate in the mixing vessel under stirring. Reduce the engine speed set to “4” and add water to the dispersion to reduce the solids content to 25 weight percent. Mix the dispersion in the engine speed setting at “4” for an additional 5 minutes. The result is a stable dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid, according to the present description, which does not become a gel after storage at room temperature for 24 hours (25 ° C). Paper coating compositions prepared with the dispersions of Examples 1 to 4 [0107] For each of the dispersions of Examples 1 to 4, prepare a paper coating composition based on 100 parts of the total pigment on a dry basis. Specifically, prepare a slip pigment using 60 parts dry weight of carbonate and 40 parts dry weight of clay, as previously provided. Then, add 5 parts by dry weight of latex and 9 parts by dry weight of the dispersion as provided in table 1. Finally, add 0.1 part by dry weight of the insolubilizer to the paper coating composition. Adjust the pH to 8.5 with 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide and adjust the solids content with water to 61.0%. [0108] Prepare the coated paper using the paper coating composition in the following process. Use a laboratory coating slide (manufactured by Enz Technik Ag, Giswil, Switzerland) to apply the paper coating composition to the paper. Set the measuring pressure of the blade to apply 8 pounds / 3300 square feet and dry the resulting paper coating composition using infrared and air flotation drying to achieve a target humidity of 4.5%. Cut the resulting paper samples into slides and then calender in the laboratory using Beloit Wheler Laboratory Calender Model 753 equipment (manufactured by Beloit Manhattna, Otsego, Michigan, USA) using 3 passes through a single tilt at 65 ° C and a pressure of payload equivalent to 800 pounds per linear inch (pli). The properties of coated paper are given in Table 1. Table 1 Properties of coated paper with the coating composition that includes the dispersion of Examples 1 to 4 * Transverse direction on the machine Example 5 [0109] Prepare the dispersion by first measuring an amount of starch C and deionized water, both at room temperature (25 ° C), to make a mixture having a solids content of 45% by weight. Place 113.4 kg of starch C and 126.6 kg of water in the tank of the GAW mixer body. The arrangement of the GAW mixer speed set at 1800 rpm over the engine steering speed controls and mixes the mixture having a content of 45% by weight of solids for 30 minutes until the resulting dispersion reaches a temperature of 65.5 ° C . Add 200 parts per million based on the dry weight of calcium chloride via a 10% solution. Add 0.00005 part of the enzyme, based on 100 parts of dry C starch, to the dispersion and mix for an additional 30 minutes. Reduce the speed range of the GAW mixer to 600 rpm when controlling the motor steering speed. Add the chelating agent at 2000 parts per million and mix the dispersion for an additional 10 minutes. [0110] The result is a stable dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid that does not turn into a gel after storage at room temperature (25 ° C) for 24 hours. Comparative Example A [0111] Prepare the dispersion by first measuring a quantity of starch B and deionized water, both at room temperature (25 ° C), to make a mixture having a solids content of 40% by weight. Place a sufficient quantity of the mixture in the mixing bowl of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer to adequately cover the rotor stator to prevent splashing (for example, the sufficient quantity of the mixture for the present example is 750 grams of Starch B and 998 , 9 grams of deionized water). The arrangement of the rotating speed set of the rotor of the Lab Kady-Mill mixer was conducted to the number “10” (scale from 1 to 10) and the mixture of the feed starch and the water mixture having a solids content of 40 per weight percent for 5.5 minutes until the resulting dispersion does not circulate in the mixing vessel under stirring. Reduce the engine speed set to “4” and add water to the dispersion to reduce the solids content to 25 weight percent. Mix the dispersion in the engine speed setting at “4” for an additional 5 minutes. [0112] The result is a dispersion of starch in water that becomes a gel after storage at room temperature (25 ° C) after 24 hours. The material will be spilled from the container, and is not suitable for a component in a coating formulation. [0113] Comparative Example A illustrates the need to have a higher percentage of solid content by weight during the shearing process (when compared to the final solids content of the resulting dispersion, which was in both cases 25 percent by weight of solids content). In Comparative Example A there was a solids content of 40 weight percent during the shearing process, when compared to a solids content of 50 weight percent of Example 3. Thus, in Comparative Example A there is approximately 20 percent less solids content, when compared to Example 3, in the mixture during the shear process which allows smaller starch particles to pass through the shear points in the mixer. In other words, in Example 3 there is a solids content approximately 25% greater than when compared to Comparative Example A, in the mixture during the shearing process. It is believed that this high content of solids during the shearing process is important to achieve stable dispersion of starch particles of average particle size diameter, as discussed above. [0114] Table 2 below provides a summary of the Brookfield Viscosity values for the dispersions of Examples 1 to 5, and Comparative Example A. Table 2
权利要求:
Claims (12) [0001] 1. Process for preparing a dispersion of starch particles in an aqueous liquid, characterized by the fact that it comprises: - introducing a feed starch having an average particle size diameter of 15 micrometers to 40 micrometers and the aqueous liquid into a mixer of the rotor stator; - keep the feed starch and the aqueous liquid in the mixer at a temperature ranging from a gelatinization temperature to less than a solubilization temperature, and - shear the feed starch into starch particles in the absence of a crosslinker with the stator mixer of the rotor to form the dispersion of starch particles in the aqueous liquid, where the shear produces starch particles having an average particle size of no more than 2 micrometers. [0002] 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the shear of the feed starch within the starch particles includes the formation of the dispersion having 20 to 65 weight percent of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion . [0003] 3. Process according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor stator transmits specific mechanical energy in a range of 100 J / g to 2000 J / g during the shear of the feed starch within the starch particles . [0004] Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the shear of the feed starch within the starch particles is conducted in the absence of a surfactant. [0005] Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the shear of the feed starch produces soluble starch having an initial molecular weight; and reducing the soluble starch from the initial molecular weight to a final molecular weight less than the initial molecular weight. [0006] Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reduction of soluble starch includes the enzymatic reduction of soluble starch from the starting molecular weight to a final molecular weight less than the molecular weight of match. [0007] Process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the viscosity of the dispersion having 20 to 65 weight percent of the starch particles based on the total weight of the dispersion is less than 10,000 cP after being at 25 ° C for 24 hours. [0008] Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it includes at least partially removing the liquid from the dispersion starch particles, thereby forming a dry redispersible powder. [0009] 9. Dispersion of starch particles, characterized by the fact that it is prepared by the process as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8. [0010] 10. Coating composition, characterized by the fact that it comprises the dispersion defined in claim 9. [0011] Coating composition according to claim 10, characterized in that it is applied to one or more surfaces of a substrate, and a portion of the aqueous liquid is removed thereby forming a coating layer associated with one or more substrate . surfaces of the [0012] 12. Article, characterized by the fact of understanding: a substrate having one or more surfaces; and one or more coating layers with one or more substrate surfaces, where the coating layer is derived from the coating composition, as defined in claim 10, with the provision that the starch particles are sheared in the absence of a crosslinker.
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法律状态:
2018-04-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law| 2019-08-06| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure| 2019-12-17| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law| 2020-05-26| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law| 2020-10-13| B09A| Decision: intention to grant| 2020-12-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 06/06/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 US35220910P| true| 2010-06-07|2010-06-07| US61/352,209|2010-06-07| PCT/US2011/001019|WO2011155979A2|2010-06-07|2011-06-06|Process for preparing stable dispersions of starch particles| 相关专利
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